18 February 2025

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts
3.1 Introduction to OOP

*** What is Object-Oriented Programming?
Object -Oriented Programming (OOP) is aprogramming paradigm that organizes software design around objects, rather than fuctions or logic. Objects are instances of classes that encapsulate data(attributes) and behaviors (methods) that operate on thaat data.

OOP is based on the concept of real-world modeling, Where softwere components are stuctured as objects that interect with each other. This approach enhances code modularity, reusability and maintainablity.

**Key Characteristics of OOP
1.Encapsulation : Bundling data and methods within a class while resticting direct access to sime details.

2.Abstaction: Hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary funtionality.

3.Inheritance: Allowing a class to derive propertise and behaviors from another class, promoting code reuse.

4.Polymorphism : Enabling multiple forms of a funtion or metod to provide flexiblity in program design.

OOP is widely used various programming languages, including Java , C++, Python, and C#. It is particularly useful for large-scale software development and enterprise applications.